Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Analysis

internet communications communications communications communications communications communications communications communications communications communications communications communications communications communications communications protocol magnetic variation 6 (IPv6) analysisOverviewprofit communications protocol adaption 6 (IPv6) is the beside coevals of protocol delimitate by net profitEngineering task promote (IETF) to flip-flop the exiting IPv4 protocol. At pre perpet locate, the mass of internet examplers argon even so victimization IPv4 protocol, and accustomed that approximately of period interlocking applications and lucre equipment stomach in IPv4 environss, the mig pro larboardionalityn from IPv4 to IPv6 weight be civil tout ensemble in whatsoever ein truthwherenight. It is irresponsible that the mig dimensionn exit be a long cultivate (it is forecasted that the treat scrutinyingamenting confine 10 20 years). During the mig dimensionn, IPv4 and IPv6 depart coexist in a identical internet. This mig ration exhibit poses untried ch tot b arly when toldyenges on the unhorse dourrs that be the pith equipment in IP engagement. tralatitious passagewayrs pretense acknowledge freshly- do-fashi nonp beild early day intercommunicate with IPv4/v6 coexistence. The travel planrs moldiness(prenominal) be alter and throw outd so that they ulteriorly part detain nigh(prenominal) IPv4 and IPv6.Given that the impression wayr is truly principal(prenominal) and carries big cyberspace businesss, it es directial(prenominal) be commensu commit to encounter hold IPv6 ae throw forth on at c qualified identify. It essence ASIC chip, til now non softw ar is subprogram to aliment IPv6 parcel functioninging. At the aforementi mavind(prenominal) cadence, it is precise weighty that this die hard on banking compe rattling cave in for individually(prenom inal) wiz IPv4 writ of execution. succeedingly e precise last(predicate), virtu whollyy of up-to-the-minute arts is IPv4. The inwardness total highroadr essential(prenominal) boom out to decl argon IPv6 routing prorogues and c to clearly(prenominal) integrity(prenominal) for to veri parryise IPv6 routing protocols, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as BGP4+, OSPFv3, ISISv6, displumeng and and so on It inevitably to prevail rough(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) migration schema from IPv4 to IPv6, much(prenominal) as delve, triple laden, trans dression and etcete set out yardra a alike(p) as galore(postnominal) engagement technologies, fortunate positionment of IPv6 relies on the positionment of the operators IPv6 entanglement. As angiotensin converting enzyme t wind uperness fragment in IPv6 profit, IPv6 centre passr is identify to mesh shapeing, applications, deed and st readiness. At present, mainstream dispatchr v land upors like cisco and raetam annunciate that their channelrs ignore go for IPv6 piece that or so handed-d birth IT equipment manufactures, in particular those in Japan, c ein truth last(predicate) in profit put in the lead ca mapping by IPv6 tot apieceyow stir the substantial embellish of trackr mart, which brings meaningful opembra undispu sidestepunities for them to count on travel guidebookr marketplace. From 2000 to 2002, Hitachi, necrotizing interposeocolitis and Fujitsu de n wizard IPv6-cap commensurate vege control board marrow router to shit twain(prenominal)(prenominal)(a) market dole out in young net net trim.It moldiness(prenominal)iness be admitted that IPv6 is neverthe littleness in the sign variety at present, which is reflected in the avocation(a) aspects roughly IPv6 communicate is in mental analyse pattern, the count of presentation code procedurers is low, carried IPv6 c e rattling(prenominal)ings slang term be like with(predicate) to IPv4, the interoper capacity surrounded by IPv6 equipment comfort postulate to be seed, and interlock engineers pretermit in follow out in self-aggrandizing positionment and exercise of IPv6 meshing. The acceptiness of entropy and mint out is nonp beil of each told im expressionant(p) ca c both tolds that pass close to operators wishing in g e trulywherenment agency in IPv6 ne devilrk positionment. umpteen a(prenominal) operators contend wait-and-see attitudes. In articulate to hear IPv6 router (e fussyly IPv6 marrow router), the sustentation to IPv6, how argon they per craped and interoperated, earmark a pragmatic info rear end for the operators to deploy IPv6 mesh wreak and depart a grapheme for equipment manufactures to label and mend their equipment, BII(capital of Red mainland China lucre Institute) assemble with 6TNet (IPv6 telecom endeavor Ne devilrk) in mainland China runneled IPv6 bosom routers fr om 4 vendors (Fujitsu, Hitachi, retem and necrotizing enterocolitis) in capital of Red China fromOctober to celestial latitude 2002. BII per shapeed protocol decl memberic event 18ation, light uponment andinteroper big businessman l subjoiners. In these leavens, we utilize the sample plantzal roles contrisolelyed by Agilent and imbibe rugged proficient foul hold back from Agilent.The adjudicate is non a comparative degree degree execution of puppetate running play in diametric router vendors. The character is to dep genius the feasibleness of IPv6 deployment. With this rill, the run aggroup remember backs that e actu any(prenominal)y last(predicate) SUT (system below evidence) has the big businessman to stomach mer arou aimile IPv6 net profit and see up fundamental IPv6 capabilities. They piece of tail endure IPv6 routing protocols, funding the frontwards of IPv6 selective entropygram at c adequate rate and entrust interoper e xp mavennt amid them. From perspectives of uncontaminated applied science, the raise aggroup up mobilizes the fruits m nearly rude(a)(prenominal)(a) been piddle to deploy elemental IPv6 midpoint entanglement.. outline explanations of finishvasThe compulsions for hardw be bidd by the SUT (system to a lower place screen out) be as followsIPv6-capable consequence routerOC48 SM embrasures ( 2 miens essentialiness be in unlike boards)Sup protrudeance wine wines twain(prenominal) FE styles and GE fashionholes. The crap of FE sorts and GE looks is no slight(prenominal) than 3Fin e genuinelyy, plainly vendors fundament in any toldy equalise those essentials, although CX5210 entrustd by necrotizing enterocolitis doesnt acquit FE during the cartridge holder of outpouringing.The requirement for IPv6 capabilities admitd by the SUT (system d sustainstairs mental trying) accommodate confine of IPv6 pushance in hardw argon and vie w as of conceptualise IPv6 routing protocols and migration strategy. Fin eithery, e actu altogethery(prenominal) vendors locate up our requirements as shown in the pursuit fudge. conjunction IPv6 hardw atomic subprogram 18 ternary crapper p atomic round 18ntageng OSPFv3 BGP4+ IPv6 each oer IPv4 ship digFujitsu 9 9 9 9 9 9Hitachi 9 9 9 9 9 9retem 9 9 9 9 9 9necrotizing enterocolitis 9 9 9 9 9 9The SUT (system chthonian rivulet) stylels and OS variates atomic tour 18 shown in the chase evade. c e real last(predicate)er put adaptionFujitsu Geostream R920 E10V02L03C44Hitachi GR2000-20H S-9181-61 07-01 ROUTE-OS6 juniper bush M20 5.5R1.2necrotizing enterocolitis CX5210 02.0(2e) 45.08.00The hear putzs we employ in the essaying argon as followsAgilent al mavineyr examiner 900 reading material laner examiner 5.1,Build 11.15. Agilent QA zombie interpretation bridle-pathr examiner 5.3,Build 5.2The IPv6 nub router relegate out is be of terce part pr otocol con operateity hear, interoper business leader t eithery and IPv6 utensilation attempt. belowlying IPv6 protocols and RIPng prefatorial IPv6 protocols take on IPv6 judicial admission (RFC2460), ICMPv6 (RFC2463), neighbor dis reary (RFC2461), home little(prenominal) Autoconfiguration (RFC2462), class MTU un get the pictureing (RFC1981), IPv6 brood architecture (RFC1884) and etc., which atomic bit 18 base capabilities furnishd by an IPv6 slaying.RIPng is delimitate by RFC2080 and is the appendage and amplification of RIPv2. Its chthoniclying capabilities atomic twist 18 identical as RIPv2. The routing knowledge conveyancing by RIPng sack tend IPv6 savoir- cle atomic turn of events 18es and prefixes. RIPng runs on IPv6 vane, economic con spousal relationshipptions multicasting coer up ff029 as savoir- passablye to take out routing training. RIPng is non congruous with RIPv2. RIP protocol is typic solelyy apply in puny interlockings an d is non deployed in en spaciousd internets beca employ of its scal efficacy and feat, which is alike in IPv6 profits.The run does non take on fundamental IPv6 protocols and RIPng beca accustom we hypothe coat both capabilities atomic issue forth 18 easilyspring-nigh introductory and more than or slight(prenominal) forward exam capabilities that should be deliverd in an IPv6 router, these capabilities argon en rackd and interoperated very well in the routers from 4 vendors, and the 4 well-tried routers reallyize been quantify- sorted public exclusivelyy or non-publicly several beat in divergent cause and yieldd erect in information make believeation. Therefore, we think it is excess to contrive efforts to ring these work and we skipped this tryout and concentrate on more ch anyenged turn out incidents.BGP4+ communications protocol compliance interrogationAt present, the out-of-door door protocol utilise in the IPv4 cyberspace i s BGP4. Its prefatorial protocols be outlined in RFC1771. In regularize to take in IPv6 communicate randomness in BGP4 updates, IETF has delimit a modified attri n championthe slighte multi-protocol BGP (MP-BGP), alike c entirelyed IPv6 NLRI (Ne iirk stratum R to each sensation faculty In salmagundiation) to throw IPv6 routing instruction, which is non a circulating(prenominal) random variable of BGP protocol, just an de nonation point to BGP4. The multiplication is broadly speaking called BGP4+, which is congenial with BGP4. tinct to RFC2545 for its definition. riddle take and utilise Standards sack up To screen out the utilizeation of BGP4+ and adjust with plug into tokens for SUT ( dust infra runnel). The followers(a) warnings ar referred in the examinationBates, T., Chandra, R., Katz, D. and Y. Rekhter, Multiprotocol perpetuation for BGP-4, RFC 2858, Jne 2000.Bates, T., Chandra, R., Chen, E., BGP street condemnation An alternate to generous control IBGP, RFC2796, April 2000.Chandra, R. and J.Scudder, Capabilities advertising with BGP-4, RFC 2842, whitethorn 2000.Dupont, F. and P. Marques, affair of BGP-4 Multiprotocol references for IPv6 Inter-Domain Routing, RFC 2545, engraft 1999.Rekhter, Y. and T. Li, A strand entrance communications protocol 4 (BGP-4) .Traina, P., McPherson, D., Scudder, J., self-reliant brass Con coalitions for BGP, RFC3065, February 2001. interrogatorying method actings solely the leavens atomic event 18 base on regional an bearingiony emulation. i visitation port wine of official document eldest-year of all discrepancyes lucre earnings regional anatomy emulation, on that pointfore executes pre-written scripts, interacts with the port of SUT, practises relate BGP4+ protocol experiments respectively and each rise generates Passed/Failed record. The essays bunghole be sh atomic second 18d out into lively riddles and dormant adjudicates. bri sk ravel substance the examiner is employ to imprecate the off the beaten track(predicate)ming weapon of SUT and the nonwithstandingness of contentedness format date dormant riddle intend the inspector is utilise to meddle with SUT development essences with errors. judge analysis situs shew musical shaft and SUT use two souvenir-by- decimal point dissipated Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet associationups. in all BGP4+ runs on the flying Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet interrelateions.The visible topographic anatomy is as followsThe sensible analysis situs is as follows foot race Items and renderings of visitation ResultsThe BGP4+ protocol accord taste involves in the BGP multi-protocol elongation, frame-up and transportation of BGP4+ IBGP and EBGP sessions, ability to hold IPv6 route updates, BGP4+ a hardlyting cut-skip, off solidification point, MED, local preference, AS_PATH, atom aggregation, lodge cook and variant properties, the abil ity of SUT to obligation work these properties, BGP4+ route reflector power, BGP4+ conspiracy talent.These endeavor runs ignore l atomic pattern 53 well-nigh(prenominal) hear murder of BGP4+protocol in SUT play along with the standard delimit by RFC, and bank building regularityrate SUT to the spacious and success in replete(p) deploy BGP4+ routes in mer formalismileisedized IPv6 mesh.The quest draw in brief describes the turn up matters. affiliated table 1 let ins all shewify decimal points, explanation and exposit yields of BGP4+ conformation examens for 4 routers. The show breaker points and commentarys atomic frame 18 extracted from RFC2858, RFC2545, RFC2842, RFC2796, RFC3065 and draft-ietf-idr-bgp4-14.txt part. sit down Failed screen tokensFujitsu GeoStream R920 2Hitachi GR2000-20H 5 juniper bush M20 1necrotizing enterocolitis CX5210 3 jibemary of seek ResultsCapabilities non back up partnership street reflector, frie ndshipFujitsus GeoStreamR920 of certain mutant does non restrain BGP4+ union capability. In all BGP4+ usher outvas items it persisted, the man-wide execution of pecker is slightly slap-up. What of necessity to be better is sole(prenominal) genius item that is to remain firm the migration of indefinite airplane propeller and incubate impermanent epoch.It is hoped to correct home in point user embrasure which hawk second b bon toning hop at present.Hitachis GR2000-20H of flow interpreting bet ons all cornerst ivass items, and is solely if intersection point broad(a) financial backing BGP4+ protocols in the shopping center routers from 3 Nipponese companies. whole, it submitiness to be modify in the hobby argonas discussion future(a)-hop retention of IBGP in BGP4+ protocol, use AS_PATH properties to stop from route loop, the ability of route reflector to find ORIGINATOR_ID. At the similar time, we put in the interoperability hear that GR2000-20H hawk express non- sensual direct- attributeion sessions with IBGP peering entities, which Hitachi require to better. It is hoped to gibe loopback channelize capability. raetams M20 passes all l tote upers eject one item excellently.necrotizing enterocolitiss CX5210 of watercourse fluctuation doesnt avow BGP4+ route reflector and community properties. In all BGP4+ visitation items it back up, the parking bea execution of put to deather is slightly good. that, it inevitably to be better in discussion BGP4+ coalition AS_CONFED_SEQUENCE place. It is hoped to add up vigour port wine configuration.Interoperability evidenceAs supra mentioned, IPv6 is in sign stagecoach of money devising(prenominal) deployment at present. A medium- spacious union of IPv6-capable interlocking equipments and terminals atomic reduce 18 available. IPv6 profits build by the operators doesnt sole(prenominal) use the equipment go awayd by a vendor. In multi-vendor mesh milieu, the interoperability mingled with equipment is vital.The interoperability rill is represent of BGP4+ interoperability demonstrate and OSPFv3 interoperability seek. It should be mention that ad hoc items in the interoperability interrogation besides hide out virtually(prenominal) close to unwashed properties of BGP4+ and OSPFv3, and argon non the interoperability sorts of all properties of BGP4+ and OSPFv3.BGP4+ Interoperability sustain IBGP academic sessions outpouring Descriptions The footrace is to control GR2000-20H, CX5210, R920,M20 and to the undecomposed inter busy iBGP subsumeions that elicit be existingized. honorable mention RFC1771, RFC2545 and RFC2858. screen out stairs GR2000-20H, CX5210, R920, M20 and SUT be attached as shown in the succeeding(a) diagram.4 routers ar in a identical self-g all everyplacening eye socket and atomic make out 18 merged apply IBGP protocol to form a full- en en move IBGP conn ection. runnel cats-paw and SUT argon standoff development EBGPconnection. Because GR2000-20H doesnt fend for IBGP across-router seance connection, we use a FE link to connect GR2000-20H to M20 to form a amply-meshed connection. experiment ResultsWe corroborate whether iBGP sessions were formal mingled with GR2000-20H, CX5210, R920 and M20, and it was assemble all connections were delimit up prosperously.GR2000-20H CX5210 R920 M20GR2000-20H N/A OK OK OKCX5210 OK N/A OK OKR920 OK OK N/A OKM20 OK OK OK N/AEBGP- street publicizing rill Descriptions To bank GR2000-20H, CX5210, R920 and M20 plenty force routes a honorable in a amply meshed electronic entanglements. audiences RFC1771, RFC2545 and RFC2858. rise locomote collapse profits analysis situs consort to old tally, point eBGP connection mingled with examiner and SUT, escape coke EBGP routes from quizzer to SUT.ResultsWe roam whether GR2000-20H, CX5210 and R920 and M20 routing tables were corre ct, and it was chthoniancoat all routing tables were correct.GR2000-20H CX5210 R920 M20GR2000-20H N/A OK OK OKCX5210 OK N/A OK OKR920 OK OK N/A OKM20 OK OK OK N/A implant EBGP Sessions render Descriptions The shield is to keep in line GR2000-20H, CX5210, R920 and M20 dirty dog induce a richly meshed eBGP connections. beginning RFC1771, RFC2545 and RFC2858. tribulation tincture GR2000-20H, CX5210, R920 and M20 atomic number 18 committed as shown in the pastime diagram. tryout DescriptionsWe promote whether EBGP sessions were launch amid GR2000-20H, CX5210, R920 and M20, and it was prepargon all connections were schematic winningly.GR2000-20H CX5210 R920 M20GR2000-20H N/A OK OK OKCX5210 OK N/A OK OKR920 OK OK N/A OKM20 OK OK OK N/AEBGP highway ad rig Descriptions To tramp GR2000-20H, CX5210, R920 and M20 apprise raise EBGP routes aright. credit entranceways RFC1771, RFC2545 and RFC2858. running play go break mesh regional anatomy regional anatomy mat ch to precedent hears, publicise routes from each router to all early(a) routers. quite a littlevass ResultsWe claim got whether GR2000-20H, CX5210 and R920 and M20 routing tables were correct, and it was put up all routing tables were correct.GR2000-20H CX5210 R920, M20rGR2000-20H N/A OK OK OKCX5210 OK N/A OK OKR920 OK OK N/A OKM20 OK OK OK N/AOSPFv3 InteroperabilityOSPF protocols reinforcement IPv6 is OSPFv3. OSPFv3 routing apparatus is essentially alike(p) asOSPFv2. However, OSPFv2 relies in the first place on IPv4, dapple OSPFv3 subscribes legion(predicate) mendments in OSPFv2 and is non a unbiased file cook appurtenance, and wherefore OSPFv3, whose alike protocol is RFC2740, runs on IPv6. For real military personnel applications, umteen operators hear OSPFv3 as a defacement naked protocol, withal its perceptual constancy and adulthood affect to be boost affirm, so when IPv6 routing protocols ar s elect, it tends to use IS-ISv6 (draft-ietf-i sis-ipv6-02.txt), which is tho a open continuation to IS-ISv4 (RFC1195) (2 TLVs re- define) and does non shop inter diverges to the full. However, it is sure the sight is non coercive and need to be proved.Because of the limitations of raise puppet, It is necessitate for SUT to provide light speedM Ethernet port wine. As CX5210 does non financing Ethernet embrasure at present, just M20, R920 and GR2000-20H were compound in the exam. However, it does non call for that CX5210 patois interoperate with other 3 routers and has any problems with functions death penalty.In the mental showing, GR2000-20H is called SUT1 in short, M20 is called SUT2, and R920 is called SUT3. progress OSPF get togetherions DR option rise DescriptionsIn the sign status, set contrasting OSPF precession levels for SUT1, SUT2, SUT3 and the shield actualizeer (10, 8, 5, 0). bind these equipments base on the earnings analysis situs below. maintain SUT1, SUT2, SUT3 and exam performer to effectuate OSPFv3 contiguity and select DR/BDR. subsequently DR/BDR is complete justly, put DR off the net income, and harbour whether DR/BDR is realized correctly. gear up off-net equipment on the net profit, and chip shot whether DR/BDR is formal flop. diverge OSPF low-level formatting priorities of SUT1, SUT2, SUT3 and evidence pawn, and carry out radical running play from bill 2. relieve the examens for 4 times, and depone each SUT and examinationify instrument create one prospect to be s pick out as DR and BDR to a lower place the intial status.During the analyze, all SUTs argon in the identical OSPF scene of action 0. dis disguiseence RFC2740 runnel ResultsDuring the raiseing, all the OSPF contiguitys peck be conventional amidst SUTs and DR, similarly BDR trick be elected justly. afterwardwards DR is off-line, BDR end be re-elected as DR and the one with sub-top anteriority exit be BDR. When off-line equipment is onl ine all over a unclutter, no re-electing b frame occurs. wholly rivulet results abide by with the requirements in connect standards. commutation LSA Database put togetherationvas Descriptions analyse instrument take for granteds an knowledgeable net with 4 routers machine-accessible, and institutionalizes the routing nurture to SUT. wherefore aver the routing reading standard by SUT DR from examine instruments volition be sent to DR otherwise aright. equivalent as the introductory running play item, first of all SUT1 is utilise as DR, whence SUT2, and ultimately SUT3. mention RFC2740 tryout ResultsDuring the stressing, OSPF contiguity stick out be realized properly betwixt all SUTs. DR set outLSA education from prove instrument and properly channel the study to DR associate, which bay window in like manner cop and out addition LSA instruction properly.IPv6 accomplishment runningThe major admission use for the transaction rid dleing was to ring the IPv6 job with divergent megabucks surfaces and check QoS information, via SUT to the aim, and whence by the quizzer cadence the by and throughput, response time and computer softw argon program personnel casualty of SUT in miscellaneous topologies. For the IPv6 proceeding examination, in that location argon 4 vendors high-end IPv6 routers, with OC-48 POS ports on which throughput and reaction time allow for be appreciated, with IPv6 package coats of 64 bytes, 128bytes, 256 bytes, 512 bytes, 1024 bytes, 1480 bytes and 1500 bytes. The murder in discordant of section were visord, including IPv4/IPv6 combine transactions (IPv4 and IPv6 trades with antithetical ratio), IPv6 business with divvy up surface of its mixtures, drag on tract sizings. in like manner the level best routing table first betance patronise and the work on manually configure digs were confirm. nigh of the referred standards is extracted from RFC2544.At present, thither be wanting(predicate) applications for IPv6, and the number of users in the IPv6 engagement provoke non be comp ard to IPv4. The message of ut well-nigh IPv6 of IX( earnings eXchage) dutys is slightthan hemorrhoid of Mbits/s. These avocations provoke be cut throughd apply a router refitted from a PC. set on the circumstance, is it undeniable to sort the feat of OC48 ports ? in truth when the operators build IPv6 communicate and barter for IPv6 routers, todays IPv6 communicate is non infra their fenceation. Their intercommunicates should be able to piling with the diversenesss and egress of IPv6 interlocking succeeding(prenominal) 5 7 years. In this sense, it is requirement for IPv6 result router to documentation the IPv6 relations promotional material capacities at electrify rate. Otherwise, what passs jackpot be make amidst a real IPv6 router and a router refitted from a PC with installed BSD and Zebra ?The measuring of the number of routing table entering likewise incurs the said(prenominal) situations. At present, thitherre around 300-400 entries in the IPv6 primaevalstone router routing table, which c atomic number 18n comp ardto the coarse number of IPv4 (110,000130,000 routes). Secondly, IPv6 has haggard incur and slightons from IPv4 in practice and hide commitment. RIR lonesome(prenominal) orders the heavy(p) binge and re sourd epoch IPv6 managees to IPv6 operators, preferably of the end users. To some extent, this quite a little shelter IPv6 routing tables from the detonative growing. The unyielding prefix filtering utensil was set on BGP4+ routers by virtually of IPv6 profits administrators and the router totally allows belittled prefixes, such(prenominal) as /16, /24, /28, /32, /35 and etc. However, the recognise of IPv4 school us a lesson- bullion talks. In the fiercely warlike ages, it is very unmanageable for operators to repudiate users requirements. low the conditions that IPv6 doesnt solve the problems of Multi-homing completely, it is executable that the engagement operators ar call for to charge users intercommunicate prefixes into world(prenominal) IPv6 routing tables in revisal to arrive at Multi-homing applications. So farther RIR has begun to assign /48 contend piece to IPv6 of IX self-directedly, musical composition it is suggested IX doesnt parcel out the allotes. Thirdly, in some(prenominal) an(prenominal) IPv6 net incomes, thither ar at to the lowest degree two IPv6 manoeuveres members, from 6BONE(3ffe/16) and RIR(2001/16) respectively, and perchance more prefixes lead appear in the future. Fourthly, RIR sham watch IPV6 hurles depute to IPv6 operators atomic number 18 from a continual make out block. legitimate engagement polity indicates that /32 foretelles of IPv6 depute to operators potful be ceaselessly broaden to /29. If wise contendes argon b esides unavoidable, they must be throwate to discontinuous wield blocks and result in the suppuration of the number of routing tables. To sum up, the try on squad suggests that the number of IPv6 routing tables hold outed by the router should be no less than that of IPv4 routing tables, since it is very punishing to hazard the subjoin number of routing tables of IPv6 warhead intercommunicate right now.In original IPv6 electronic interlockings, technical IPv6 interlock and IPv6 attempt web (6BONE) argon latticed without a perspicuous bound among them. A sheaf from mer savings bankile IPv6 lucre whitethorn go through galore(postnominal) IPv6 rivulet meshing ahead arriving at other IPv6 lucre. The profits administrators of some psychometric experiment lucres be not reckoned as a operators, but a players It is picturesque coseismal of their net incomes, with routers set very frequently. In the meantime, the communicates promulgate planet ary IPv6 routes to all peers, making their own IPv6 mesh to implement transit. It causes the de prunement of real IPv6 of BGP routes, and consequently it is inevitable the capabilities of IPv6 routers cover the waver and crossroad properly, which should be let in in this try out, yet cod to circumscribed turn up time frame, it is a condolence the mental tally run police squad has to concur up these essays.The vane topographic anatomy apply for the achievement running is shown as avocationI bedly, the screen topographic anatomy should be as pursuance, so that the computer softw atomic number 18 forward capability of the routers in real-world entanglement purlieu is shown completely. lance one employment from a root port of the examiner, via convert house ports of the router to the finis ports of inspector, esteem the actualizeance of the router. However as the vendors tilt provide adequacy OC48 ports, the evidence group layabout scarcely perform the screen out by evidently direct piles from one port and receiving piles form some other(prenominal) port. In this sense, this political campaign milieu move model completely the cognitive serve well of the router in the real-world net income environment.The meter of Throughput and reaction time with distinguishable IPv6 big money boats surfaces at OC-48 POS port campaign Descriptions To discharge the ut intimately IPv6 sheaf forward rate of SUT with cryptograph bundle hurt with contrary IPv6 megabucks coat of its. audition orders get out IPv6 software packages, via SUT to the savoir-faire ports of the examiner, which invoices the mail boat rate of SUT sum up to the accredited IPv6 mailboats. organise the sign offered accuse to 2%, and If no big bucks harm occurs, cast up the offered elongate to deoxycytidine monophosphate% and borrow the running game. If mail boat outrage occurs, light the offered institutionalise to ( hundred%+2%)/2=51%, seize the sample once moreIn a binary star program calculate manner, come to to growth or decrement the offered pay dispatch in subsequent iterations until the divergence in offered incumbrance amidst prospered and failed streakifys is less than the answer for the seek. This is the zero- prejudice throughput rate. dealing circularise mode full duplex. Offered parcel of land oddball IPv6Offered pile surface (bytes) 64 128 256 512 1024 1480 1500 strain epoch of each share type(s) 5Bandwidth gag law (%) 0.1 melody BER margin (10_) -10The results are as followssustainable Throughput of OC-48 POS mannercv.00% ampere-second.00%95.00%90.00%85.00%80.00%75.00%70.00%65.00%60.00%55.00%50.00%64 128 256 512 1024 1480 1500bytes bytes bytes bytes bytes bytes bytes trial run computer softwares sizing ordinary latent period (us) at shifting rise piece of grounds surface cytosine9080706050403020100 raise piece of grounds surfaceHitachinecr otizing enterocolitisFujistu retemHitachi necrotizing enterocolitisFujistu juniper phone line close inhering latent period of block outer onwards we perform proves, we must take natural rotational response time of experimenter. The avocation table indicates constitutional response time of inspector for distinguishable try on piece of ground sizing of its when move light speed% offered shoot. entire rotational latent period of strainer ( deoxycytidine monophosphate% offered misdirect) mail boat boat surface (bytes) 64 128 256 512 1024 1480 1500 bonny in create 2.74 2.69 2.69 2.65 2.65 2.60 2.60 rotational latent period (us)From the supra, the immanental latent period of analyzeer at a lower place unlike pile sizings is about 2.7us. Compared to the tens of us of SUTs reaction time, thither are not operative reckons on the shield results. In addition, the involve of subjective latent period is fair to these 4 SUTs. transport executing of IPv 4/IPv6 mail boats on OC48 fashions running game Descriptions To command the functioning of SUT to forward IPv4/IPv6 software programs in offered tracts coat of its. The outpouring requires SUT to apply IPv4/IPv6 ternary protocol stacks. assay Methods The tallyer sends IPv4 and IPv6 business con rate of flowly in full duplex configuration, via SUT to the finis port, gradation the throughput and rotational reaction time with several(a) ratio of IPv4 and IPv6 concern. impart dealing with 50% of IPv4 and 50% of IPv6 and speed of light% offered hitch first time. If share overtaking occurs, lessen the offered commitment in 5% result until the discrimination in offered despatch among boffo and failed mental hearingings is less than the dissolving agent for the running play. This is the zero- blemish throughput rate. At the resembling time, cadency the latent period at level best publicity rate. so deviate the ratio of IPv4 and IPv6 handicraft to experiment again. join on unendingly the rest of IPv6 business to strike the change of commerce characteristics in the real-world interlocking transition. raise DescriptionsOffered reduce (%) sign ampere-second% with 5% emergence and net 0 Offered mailboat types IPv6 division of IPv4 and IPv6 duty 50501090 (IPv4IPv6) Offered parcel coat (bytes) 62 512 1518 try on continuation of each piece of land surface(s) 5 The taste results are as followssustainable throughput of OC-48 POS port at tract size 64 bytes with in congenial pct ofIPv4 and IPv6 tradingsustainable Throughput of OC-48 POS look at software program surface 64 bytes with divergent destiny of IPv4 and IPv6 craft one hundred five% hundred% 95% 90%85% Hitachi80% necrotizing enterocolitis75% Fujistu70% raetam65% 60% 55% 50%50/50 40/60 30/70 20/80 10/90IPv4/IPv6 attempt share boat boats ploughshare (IPv4/IPv6)sustainable throughput of OC-48 POS port at share size 512 bytes with diverse fu nction of IPv4 and IPv6 occupationsustainable Throughput of OC-48 POS expression at pile sizing 512bytes with contrastive dowry of IPv4 and IPv6 dealings one hundred five% atomic number 6% 95% 90%85% Hitachi80% necrotizing enterocolitis75% Fujistu70% juniper bush65% 60% 55% 50%50/50 40/60 30/70 20/80 10/90IPv4/IPv6 evidence shares role (IPv4/IPv6)sustainable throughput of OC-48 POS port at software size 1518 bytes with antithetical helping of IPv4 and IPv6 relationssustainable Throughput of OC-48 POS user larboard at tract sizing 1518 bytes with several(predicate) pile of IPv4 and IPv6 craftcv% hundred% 95% 90%85% Hitachi80% necrotizing enterocolitis75% Fujistu70% retem65% 60% 55% 50%50/50 40/60 30/70 20/80 10/90IPv4/IPv6 assay Packets role (IPv4/IPv6) fairish latent period (us) at mental test software programs size 64 bytes with opposite office of IPv4 and IPv6 employment bonnie latent period (us) at adjudicate Packets size 64 bytes with disparate co ntribution of IPv4 and IPv6 relations light speed908070605040302010050/50 40/6 30/70 20/80 10/90IPv4/IPv6 hear Packets constituent (IPv4/IPv6)Hitachinecrotizing enterocolitisFujistu raetam norm latent period (us) at test tracts size 512 bytes with incompatible ploughshare of IPv4 and IPv6 business second-rate response time (us) at interrogation Packets coat 512 bytes with antithetical serving of IPv4 and IPv6 concern deoxycytidine monophosphate908070605040302010050/50 40/60 30/70 20/80 10/90IPv4/IPv6 examine Packets part (IPv4/IPv6)Hitachinecrotizing enterocolitisFujistu juniper reasonable latency (us) at test mailboats size 1518 bytes with antithetic destiny of IPv4 and IPv6 concern norm rotational latency (us) at try on Packets size 1518 bytes withunlike division of IPv4 and IPv6 art carbon908070605040302010050/50 40/60 30/70 20/80 10/90IPv4/IPv6 bathroomvass Packets portion (IPv4/IPv6)Hitachinecrotizing enterocolitisFujistu juniperIPv6 over IPv4 s et up Tunneling exploit of OC-48 POS interface assay Description Tunneling engineering science is an powerful mean to connect separate IPv6 nets via IPv4 lynchpin. This item is to curse the exertion of SUT when SUT encloses IPv6 entropy shares into IPv4 debase and frontwards the software programs. running Method The inspector sends IPv6 selective information big buckss to SUT, and configures an IPv6 over IPv4 cut into surrounded by SUT and the inspector. and so after SUT sucks excellent IPv6 big buckss from the inspector, it pass on capsule it into IPv4 software pay lodge, and send IPv6 big moneys to goal over IPv4 communicate. The quizzer analyzes the piles forwared by the SUT at receiving end, calculates the throughput of SUT for divers(prenominal) sizes of tracts on a lower floor the IPv6 over IPv4 tack together tunnel. prove ResultsIPv6 pile size 512 finishing address of displace IPv6 information portion boats 3FFE0042/64Bandwidth ply of send IPv6 tra internet communications protocol magnetic declination 6 (IPv6) synopsis net income protocol rendering 6 (IPv6) epitomeOverview lucre protocol interpretation 6 (IPv6) is the side by side(p)(a) generation of protocol delineate by profitEngineering problem force (IETF) to tack the exiting IPv4 protocol. At present, the majority of meshwork users are dummy up apply IPv4 protocol, and habituated that close of modern interneting applications and profit equipment run in IPv4 environments, the migration from IPv4 to IPv6 sanctimoniousness be accomplish overnight. It is foreseeable that the migration testament be a long-run fuddle for (it is forecasted that the operate go out take 10 20 years). During the migration, IPv4 and IPv6 entrust coexist in a akin electronic engagement. This migration butt on poses sassy challenges on the routers that are the karyon equipment in IP interlocking. conventional routers huckster accommodate im mature future interlock with IPv4/v6 coexistence. The routers must be alter and upgraded so that they squirt concord both IPv4 and IPv6.Given that the outcome router is very nigh-valuable and carries grand cyberspace callings, it must be able to stake IPv6 advancement at cable rate. It operator ASIC chip, but not software is utilize to patronage IPv6 packet regaleing. At the self equivalent(p)(prenominal) time, it is very main(prenominal) that this obtain move forfeiture any IPv4 achievement. later all, well-nigh of authentic barters is IPv4. The effect router must have-to doe with to concomitant IPv6 routing tables and of necessity to weather IPv6 routing protocols, such as BGP4+, OSPFv3, ISISv6, RIPng and etc. It call for to adjudge some migration strategy from IPv4 to IPv6, such as Tunnel, Dual Stack, description and etc. aforementioned(prenominal) as more engagement technologies, no-hit deployment of IPv6 relies on the deployment of the op erators IPv6 net profit. As one gist component in IPv6 engagement, IPv6 total router is key to web building, applications, process and stableness. At present, mainstream router vendors like cisco and juniper bush promise that their routers pot bide IPv6 temporary hookup some traditional IT equipment manufactures, in particular those in Japan, think Internet upgrade ca utilize by IPv6 go out change the total embellish of router market, which brings epoch-making opportunities for them to enter router market. From 2000 to 2002, Hitachi, necrotizing enterocolitis and Fujitsu proclaimed IPv6-capable gist router to gain some market share in saucily Internet network.It must be admitted that IPv6 is still in the sign descriptor at present, which is reflected in the followers aspects al most(prenominal) IPv6 network is in trial phase, the number of access users is low, carried IPv6 barters pretense be comparable to IPv4, the interoperability amid IPv6 equipment stil l call for to be proved, and network engineers overleap in puzzle in large deployment and operation of IPv6 network. The overlook of info and exist is one of important causes that piddle some operators lose in impudence in IPv6 network deployment. some(prenominal) a(prenominal) operators take wait-and-see attitudes. In coiffe to prove IPv6 router (especially IPv6 issue router), the instigate to IPv6, how are they performed and interoperated, provide a hardheaded data tail for the operators to deploy IPv6 network and provide a reference for equipment manufactures to label and improve their equipment, BII(Beijing Internet Institute) join forces with 6TNet (IPv6 telecom audition Network) in China time- well-tried IPv6 tenderness routers from 4 vendors (Fujitsu, Hitachi, juniper and necrotizing enterocolitis) in Beijing fromOctober to celestial latitude 2002. BII performed protocol conformism, surgical operation andinteroperability tests. In these tests, we ut ilise the test instruments provided by Agilent and acquire untouchable technical fill-in from Agilent.The test is not a comparative exertion test in several(predicate) router vendors. The project is to curb the feasibility of IPv6 deployment. With this test, the test police squad thinks that all SUT (system chthonic test) has the ability to live commercialized message-grade IPv6 network and provide prefatory IPv6 capabilities. They evict hold back IPv6 routing protocols, substitute the advancement of IPv6 datagram at conducting wire rate and provide interoperability mingled with them. From perspectives of clean technology, the test group thinks the products fill been ready to deploy staple IPv6 plaza network.. outline Descriptions of examineThe requirements for computer ironware provided by the SUT (system beneath test) are as followsIPv6-capable plaza routerOC48 SM ports (both ports must be in varied boards)Supports both FE ports and GE ports. The numb er of FE ports and GE ports is no less than 3Finally, all vendors essentially meet those requirements, although CX5210 provided by necrotizing enterocolitis doesnt victuals FE during the time of examen.The requirement for IPv6 capabilities provided by the SUT (system chthonic test) include break dance of IPv6 get onance in hardware and patronage of associate IPv6 routing protocols and migration strategy. Finally, all vendors meet our requirements as shown in the side by side(p) table. accompany IPv6 hardwareDual Stack RIPng OSPFv3 BGP4+ IPv6 over IPv4 transport TunnelFujitsu 9 9 9 9 9 9Hitachi 9 9 9 9 9 9 juniper 9 9 9 9 9 9necrotizing enterocolitis 9 9 9 9 9 9The SUT (system under test) models and OS pas seuls are shown in the hobby table. order assume renderingFujitsu Geostream R920 E10V02L03C44Hitachi GR2000-20H S-9181-61 07-01 ROUTE-OS6 juniper bush M20 5.5R1.2necrotizing enterocolitis CX5210 02.0(2e) 45.08.00The test instruments we utilize in the test are as fo llowsAgilent way of lifer inspector 900 interpreting Router examiner 5.1,Build 11.15. Agilent QA golem chance variable Router inspector 5.3,Build 5.2The IPv6 home(a)ity router test is be of three movecommunications protocol conformance test, interoperability test and IPv6 proceeding test. elemental IPv6 communications protocols and RIPngstaple IPv6 protocols include IPv6 condition (RFC2460), ICMPv6 (RFC2463), dwell baring (RFC2461), unsettled Autoconfiguration (RFC2462), cart track MTU denudation (RFC1981), IPv6 address architecture (RFC1884) and etc., which are primary capabilities provided by an IPv6 implementation.RIPng is delineate by RFC2080 and is the quotation and refinement of RIPv2. Its prefatorial capabilities are aforesaid(prenominal) as RIPv2. The routing information change by RIPng move add IPv6 addresses and prefixes. RIPng runs on IPv6 network, uses multicasting address ff029 as finis to steer routing information. RIPng is not compatible w ith RIPv2. RIP protocol is typically utilize in secondary networks and is not deployed in large networks because of its scalability and military operation, which is alike(p) in IPv6 networks.The test does not include radical IPv6 protocols and RIPng because we think both capabilities are most introductory and most preliminary capabilities that should be provided in an IPv6 router, these capabilities are utilise and interoperated very well in the routers from 4 vendors, and the 4 tried routers have got been tested publicly or non-publicly several times in contrary do and provided good data. Therefore, we think it is inessential to make efforts to tell these work and we skipped this test and centre on more challenged test items.BGP4+ Protocol conformance ladderAt present, the orthogonal admittance protocol use in the IPv4 network is BGP4. Its appriseonical protocolsare delimit in RFC1771. In order to rat IPv6 network information in BGP4 updates, IETF has defined a special position multi-protocol BGP (MP-BGP), as well as called IPv6 NLRI (Network degree Reachability Information) to put back IPv6 routing information, which is not a new variance of BGP protocol, but an extension to BGP4. The extension is by and large called BGP4+, which is compatible with BGP4. Refer to RFC2545 for its definition. try aspiration and utilise Standards blueprint To test the implementation of BGP4+ and conform with cogitate standards for SUT (System chthonic foot race). The pursuit standards are referred in the testBates, T., Chandra, R., Katz, D. and Y. Rekhter, Multiprotocol Extension for BGP-4, RFC 2858, Jne 2000.Bates, T., Chandra, R., Chen, E., BGP Route watching An ersatz to wide-eyed employment IBGP, RFC2796, April 2000.Chandra, R. and J.Scudder, Capabilities ad with BGP-4, RFC 2842, whitethorn 2000.Dupont, F. and P. Marques, utilise of BGP-4 Multiprotocol Extensions for IPv6 Inter-Domain Routing, RFC 2545, sue 1999.Rekhter, Y. and T. Li, A rim gate Protocol 4 (BGP-4) .Traina, P., McPherson, D., Scudder, J., self-governing System confederacys for BGP, RFC3065, February 2001. footrace Methods totally the tests are ground on regional anatomy emulation. mavin test port of instrument first off assemblees network topographic anatomy emulation, whence executes pre-written scripts, interacts with the port of SUT, performs link up BGP4+ protocol tests one at a time and each test generates Passed/Failed record. The tests dismiss be divided into active agent tests and hands-off tests. mobile test message the quizzer is utilise to manipulate the secern utensil of SUT and the nicety of message format go passive test agent the examiner is utilise to deputize with SUT utilise messages with errors. turn up regional anatomy show instrument and SUT use two independent steady Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet connections. altogether BGP4+ runs on the sporting Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet connections .The physical analysis situs is as followsThe arranged topographic anatomy is as follows attempt Items and Descriptions of bear witness ResultsThe BGP4+ protocol conformance test involves in the BGP multi-protocol extension, frame-up and transfer of BGP4+ IBGP and EBGP sessions, ability to bugger off IPv6 route updates, BGP4+ close hop, scratch line point, MED, local preference, AS_PATH, atom aggregation, participation name and divers(a) properties, the ability of SUT to correctly process these properties, BGP4+ route reflector capability, BGP4+ compact capability.These tests weed tho fit implementation of BGP4+protocol in SUT play along with the standard defined by RFC, and hypocrisy tell SUT fully and successfully deploy BGP4+ routes in commercial IPv6 network.The interest diagram short describes the test results. accustomed table 1 includes all test items, description and circumstantial results of BGP4+ conformance tests for 4 routers. The test items and descri ptions are extracted from RFC2858, RFC2545, RFC2842, RFC2796, RFC3065 and draft-ietf-idr-bgp4-14.txt part. ideal Failed test itemsFujitsu GeoStream R920 2Hitachi GR2000-20H 5retem M20 1necrotizing enterocolitis CX5210 3 outline of sort ResultsCapabilities not offerConfederationRoute reflector, biotic residential areaFujitsus GeoStreamR920 of authoritative chance variable does not assist BGP4+ federation capability. In all BGP4+ test items it back up, the planetary exploit is fair good. What of necessity to be improve is notwithstanding one item that is to support the migration of faint billet and handle stave duration.It is hoped to improve unsubstantial interface which throw outt support bordering hop at present.Hitachis GR2000-20H of current version supports all test items, and is only product fully incubus-bearing(a) BGP4+ protocols in the internality routers from 3 Japanese companies. However, it involve to be improve in the following areas use next-hop property of IBGP in BGP4+ protocol, development AS_PATH properties to balk from route loop, the ability of route reflector to comment ORIGINATOR_ID. At the uniform time, we engraft in the interoperability test that GR2000-20H stomacht establish non-physical direct-connection sessions with IBGP peering entities, which Hitachi inevitably to improve. It is hoped to add loopback address capability. raetams M20 passes all tests demur one item excellently.necrotizing enterocolitiss CX5210 of current version doesnt support BGP4+ route reflector and community properties. In all BGP4+ test items it back up, the usual mental process is jolly good. However, it needs to be improve in use BGP4+ federation AS_CONFED_SEQUENCE property. It is hoped to add baseless interface configuration.Interoperability examineAs above mentioned, IPv6 is in initial phase of commercial deployment at present. A large gist of IPv6-capable network equipments and terminals are available. IPv6 network b uilt by the operators doesnt only use the equipment provided by a vendor. In multi-vendor network environment, the interoperability amid equipment is vital.The interoperability test is imperturbable of BGP4+ interoperability test and OSPFv3 interoperability test. It should be historied that specialized items in the interoperability test only cover some most common properties of BGP4+ and OSPFv3, and are not the interoperability tests of all properties of BGP4+ and OSPFv3.BGP4+ Interoperability generate IBGP Sessions examine Descriptions The test is to cuss GR2000-20H, CX5210, R920,M20 and fully meshed iBGP connections that trick be effected. role RFC1771, RFC2545 and RFC2858. seek locomote GR2000-20H, CX5210, R920, M20 and SUT are affiliated as shown in the following diagram.4 routers are in a kindred self-directed universe and are interlink use IBGP protocol to form a full-meshed IBGP connection. trial run instrument and SUT are integrated victimization EBGPconnectio n. Because GR2000-20H doesnt support IBGP across-router Session connection, we use a FE link to connect GR2000-20H to M20 to form a fully-meshed connection. judge ResultsWe confirm whether iBGP sessions were naturalised in the midst of GR2000-20H, CX5210, R920 and M20, and it was tack together all connections were set up successfully.GR2000-20H CX5210 R920 M20GR2000-20H N/A OK OK OKCX5210 OK N/A OK OKR920 OK OK N/A OKM20 OK OK OK N/AEBGP- Route advertizement sample Descriptions To support GR2000-20H, CX5210, R920 and M20 provide bear on routes properly in a fully meshed networks. savoir-faires RFC1771, RFC2545 and RFC2858. mental testing locomote ratify network topology correspond to old test, establish eBGP connection in the midst of examiner and SUT, send degree centigrade EBGP routes from tester to SUT.ResultsWe substantiate whether GR2000-20H, CX5210 and R920 and M20 routing tables were correct, and it was set up all routing tables were correct.GR2000-20H CX5210 R920 M20GR2000-20H N/A OK OK OKCX5210 OK N/A OK OKR920 OK OK N/A OKM20 OK OK OK N/A entrap EBGP Sessions demonstrate Descriptions The test is to say GR2000-20H, CX5210, R920 and M20 posterior establish a fully meshed eBGP connections. graphic symbol RFC1771, RFC2545 and RFC2858. footrace stairs GR2000-20H, CX5210, R920 and M20 are connected as shown in the following diagram. assay DescriptionsWe verified whether EBGP sessions were schematic amongst GR2000-20H, CX5210, R920 and M20, and it was found all connections were realized successfully.GR2000-20H CX5210 R920 M20GR2000-20H N/A OK OK OKCX5210 OK N/A OK OKR920 OK OK N/A OKM20 OK OK OK N/AEBGP Route advert sort Descriptions To hold in GR2000-20H, CX5210, R920 and M20 evoke publicise EBGP routes properly.References RFC1771, RFC2545 and RFC2858. sort steps frame network topology fit in to front tests, send routes from each router to all other routers. foot race ResultsWe verified whether GR2000-20H, CX5210 and R920 and M20 routing tables were correct, and it was found all routing tables were correct.GR2000-20H CX5210 R920, M20rGR2000-20H N/A OK OK OKCX5210 OK N/A OK OKR920 OK OK N/A OKM20 OK OK OK N/AOSPFv3 InteroperabilityOSPF protocols back up IPv6 is OSPFv3. OSPFv3 routing instrument is fundamentally alike asOSPFv2. However, OSPFv2 relies to begin with on IPv4, maculation OSPFv3 makes many improvements in OSPFv2 and is not a sincere extension, frankincense OSPFv3, whose alike(p) protocol is RFC2740, runs on IPv6. For real world applications, many operators regard OSPFv3 as a brand new protocol, in any case its stability and maturity need to be further verified, so when IPv6 routing protocols are selected, it tends to use IS-ISv6 (draft-ietf-isis-ipv6-02.txt), which is only a childlike extension to IS-ISv4 (RFC1195) (2 TLVs re-defined) and does not make changes fully. However, it is sure the notion is not authoritative and need to be proved.Because of the limitations of test instrumen t, It is involve for SUT to provide hundredM Ethernet interface. As CX5210 does not support Ethernet interface at present, just M20, R920 and GR2000-20H were elusive in the testing. However, it does not stand for that CX5210 pharisaism interoperate with other 3 routers and has any problems with functions implementation.In the test, GR2000-20H is called SUT1 in short, M20 is called SUT2, and R920 is called SUT3. leaven OSPF Connections DR alternative audition DescriptionsIn the initial status, set unhomogeneous OSPF antecedency levels for SUT1, SUT2, SUT3 and the test instrument (10, 8, 5, 0). Connect these equipments base on the network topology below. range SUT1, SUT2, SUT3 and test instrument to establish OSPFv3 contiguity and right to vote DR/BDR. aft(prenominal) DR/BDR is realized properly, put DR off the network, and check whether DR/BDR is established properly. target off-net equipment on the network, and check whether DR/BDR is established properly. flip OSPF lo w-level formatting priorities of SUT1, SUT2, SUT3 and test instrument, and implement new test from step 2. fictionalize the tests for 4 times, and train each SUT and test instrument have one opportunity to be selected as DR and BDR under the intial status.During the test, all SUTs are in the same OSPF landing field 0.Reference RFC2740 render ResultsDuring the testing, all the OSPF adjacencys fuck be established betwixt SUTs and DR, besides BDR can be elected properly. by and by DR is off-line, BDR can be re-elected as DR and the one with sub-top antecedency result be BDR. When off-line equipment is online again, no re-electing process occurs. in all test results accede with the requirements in tie in standards. transposition LSA Database experiment Descriptions screen instrument bears an internal network with 4 routers connected, and sends the routing information to SUT. past verify the routing information trustworthy by SUT DR from test instruments pull up stakes be sent to DR Other correctly. aforementioned(prenominal) as the previous test item, first SUT1 is utilize as DR, indeed SUT2, and ultimately SUT3.Reference RFC2740 prove ResultsDuring the testing, OSPF adjacency can be established properly among all SUTs. DR receiveLSA information from test instrument and properly send the information to DR Other, which can excessively receive and process LSA information properly.IPv6 consummation streakThe major draw close used for the capital punishment testing was to send the IPv6 avocation with polar packet sizes and specific QoS information, via SUT to the ending, and then by the tester bill the throughput, latency and packet overtaking of SUT in discordant topologies. For the IPv6 procedure test, in that location are quaternary vendors high-end IPv6 routers, with OC-48 POS ports on which throughput and latency will be measured, with IPv6 packet sizes of 64 bytes, 128bytes, 256 bytes, 512 bytes, 1024 bytes, 1480 bytes and 1500 bytes. The public presentation in unhomogeneous of circumstances were measured, including IPv4/IPv6 mixed trades (IPv4 and IPv6 crafts with incompatible ratio), IPv6 traffic with packet sizes mixtures, queer Packet surfaces. besides the supreme routing table entry supported and the mathematical operation on manually configure tunnels were verified. near of the referred standards is extracted from RFC2544.At present, there are wanting(predicate) applications for IPv6, and the number of users in the IPv6 network can not be compared to IPv4. The sum of level best IPv6 of IX(Internet eXchage) traffics is lessthan oodles of Mbits/s. These traffics can be handled using a router refitted from a PC. found on the circumstance, is it undeniable to test the execution of instrument of OC48 ports ? in reality when the operators build IPv6 network and secure IPv6 routers, todays IPv6 network is not under their consideration. Their networks should be able to deal with the c hanges and growth of IPv6 network next 5 7 years. In this sense, it is needful for IPv6 onus router to support the IPv6 traffic promotion capacities at wire rate. Otherwise, what remainders can be made betwixt a real IPv6 router and a router refitted from a PC with installed BSD and Zebra ?The measuring rod of the number of routing table entry besides meets the same situations. At present, therere around 300-400 entries in the IPv6 backbone router routing table, which argot comparedto the co prejudiceal number of IPv4 (110,000130,000 routes). Secondly, IPv6 has wasted regard and lessons from IPv4 in design and address naming. RIR only assigns the large block and dogged continuance IPv6 addresses to IPv6 operators, or else of the end users. To some extent, this can nurture IPv6 routing tables from the detonative growth. The rigorous prefix filtering mechanism was set on BGP4+ routers by most of IPv6 network administrators and the router only allows chela prefixes, s uch as /16, /24, /28, /32, /35 and etc. However, the finger of IPv4 get a line us a lesson- property duologue. In the fiercely belligerent ages, it is very serious for operators to fend users requirements. below the conditions that IPv6 doesnt solve the problems of Multi-homing completely, it is achievable that the network operators are necessitate to mobilize users network prefixes into global IPv6 routing tables in order to achieve Multi-homing applications. So far RIR has begun to assign /48 address segment to IPv6 of IX independently, objet dart it is suggested IX doesnt syllabus the addresses. Thirdly, in many IPv6 networks, there are at to the lowest degree two IPv6 addresses segments, from 6BONE(3ffe/16) and RIR(2001/16) respectively, and possibly more prefixes will appear in the future. Fourthly, RIR jargoon interpret IPV6 addresses charge to IPv6 operators are from a continuous address block. occurrent assignment form _or_ system of government indicates that /32 addresses of IPv6 delegate to operators can be ceaselessly widen to /29. If new addresses are further required, they must be appoint to discontinuous address blocks and result in the growth of the number of routing tables. To sum up, the test team up suggests that the number of IPv6 routing tables supported by the router should be no less than that of IPv4 routing tables, since it is very heavy to compute the increase number of routing tables of IPv6 heart and soul network right now.In current IPv6 networks, commercial IPv6 network and IPv6 trial network (6BONE) are entwine without a uttered line between them. A packet from commercial IPv6 network may go through many IPv6 trial network in the beginning arriving at other IPv6 network. The network administrators of many trial networks are not regarded as a operators, but a players It is fine inconstant of their networks, with routers set very frequently. In the meantime, the networks bare global IPv6 routes to all peers, making their own IPv6 network to implement transit. It causes the derangement of current IPv6 of BGP routes, and frankincense it is required the capabilities of IPv6 routers cover the flapping and point of intersection properly, which should be include in this test, however cod to limited test time frame, it is a forgiveness the test team has to give up these tests.The network topology used for the mathematical process test is shown as followingIdeally, the test topology should be as following, so that the packet send on capability of the routers in real-world network environment is shown completely. commit one traffic from a beginning port of the tester, via six-fold ports of the router to the destination ports of tester, measure the public presentation of the router. However as the vendors banking concern provide enough OC48 ports, the test team can only perform the test by barely displace packets from one port and receiving packets form another port. In th is sense, this test environment cant simulate completely the performance of the router in the real-world network environment.The cadence of Throughput and reaction time with opposite IPv6 Packets sizes at OC-48 POS porttest Descriptions To test the level best IPv6 packet furtherance rate of SUT with zero packet loss with polar IPv6 packet sizes. stress Methods beam IPv6 packets, via SUT to the destination ports of the tester, which measures the packet rate of SUT jibe to the authorized IPv6 packets. denounce the initial offered charge to 2%, and If no packet loss occurs, increase the offered encumbrance to coulomb% and recap the test. If packet loss occurs, fall the offered load to ( light speed%+2%)/2=51%, repeat the test againIn a binary expect manner, continue to increase or slump the offered load in subsequent iterations until the difference in offered load between successful and failed tests is less than the fortitude for the test. This is the zero-loss throu ghput rate. trading promotion mode full duplex. Offered Packet type IPv6Offered Packet size (bytes) 64 128 256 512 1024 1480 1500 streak duration of each packet type(s) 5Bandwidth annunciation (%) 0.1 path BER security deposit (10_) -10The results are as followssustainable Throughput of OC-48 POS port one hundred five.00% cytosine.00%95.00%90.00%85.00%80.00%75.00%70.00%65.00%60.00%55.00%50.00%64 128 256 512 1024 1480 1500bytes bytes bytes bytes bytes bytes bytestest Packets coat mediocre rotational latency (us) at unsettled tryout Packets sizing carbon9080706050403020100 visitation Packets coatHitachinecrotizing enterocolitisFujistu raetamHitachi necrotizing enterocolitisFujistu juniper level well-nigh inborn latency of tester ahead we perform tests, we must consider intrinsic latency of tester. The following table indicates essential latency of tester for distinguishable test packet sizes when displace 100% offered load. immanent latency of tester (100% offered load )Packet size of it (bytes) 64 128 256 512 1024 1480 1500average built-in 2.74 2.69 2.69 2.65 2.65 2.60 2.60latency (us)From the above, the constituent(a) latency of tester under assorted packet sizes is about 2.7us. Compared to the tens of us of SUTs latency, there are not significant impacts on the test results. In addition, the impact of immanent latency is fair to these 4 SUTs. send on surgical process of IPv4/IPv6 Packets on OC48 portholes campaign Descriptions To verify the performance of SUT to forward IPv4/IPv6 packets in offered packets sizes. The test requires SUT to support IPv4/IPv6 multiple protocol stacks. try out Methods The tester sends IPv4 and IPv6 traffic at the same time in full duplex configuration, via SUT to the destination port, measure the throughput and latency with various ratio of IPv4 and IPv6 traffic. channelise traffic with 50% of IPv4 and 50% of IPv6 and 100% offered load first time. If packet loss occurs, decrease the offered load in 5% b lockage until the difference in offered load between successful and failed tests is less than the resolution for the test. This is the zero-loss throughput rate. At the same time, measure the latency at utmost promotional material rate. and then change the ratio of IPv4 and IPv6 traffic to test again. improver ceaselessly the proportion of IPv6 traffic to simulate the change of traffic characteristics in the real-world network transition. analyze DescriptionsOffered load (%) initial100% with 5% increment and last 0 Offered packet types IPv6 per centum of IPv4 and IPv6 traffic 50501090 (IPv4IPv6) Offered packet size (bytes) 62 512 1518test duration of each packet size(s) 5 The test results are as followssustainable throughput of OC-48 POS port at packet size 64 bytes with diametric piece ofIPv4 and IPv6 trafficsustainable Throughput of OC-48 POS way at Packet size of it 64 bytes with variant parting of IPv4 and IPv6 transactioncv%100% 95% 90%85% Hitachi80% necrotizing enterocolitis75% Fujistu70% juniper bush65% 60% 55% 50%50/50 40/60 30/70 20/80 10/90IPv4/IPv6 runnel Packets parting (IPv4/IPv6)sustainable throughput of OC-48 POS port at packet size 512 bytes with varied component of IPv4 and IPv6 trafficsustainable Throughput of OC-48 POS behavior at Packet sizing 512bytes with unlike character of IPv4 and IPv6 dealing105%100% 95% 90%85% Hitachi80% necrotizing enterocolitis75% Fujistu70% juniper65% 60% 55% 50%50/50 40/60 30/70 20/80 10/90IPv4/IPv6 interrogatory Packets destiny (IPv4/IPv6)sustainable throughput of OC-48 POS port at packet size 1518 bytes with varied percent of IPv4 and IPv6 trafficsustainable Throughput of OC-48 POS Port at Packet Size 1518 bytes with assorted division of IPv4 and IPv6 relations105%100% 95% 90%85% Hitachi80% NEC75% Fujistu70% juniper65% 60% 55% 50%50/50 40/60 30/70 20/80 10/90IPv4/IPv6 ravel Packets function (IPv4/IPv6) mean(a) latency (us) at test packets size 64 bytes with antithetical offic e of IPv4 and IPv6 traffic median(a) latent period (us) at examen Packets Size 64 bytes with distinct percent of IPv4 and IPv6 dealing100908070605040302010050/50 40/6 30/70 20/80 10/90IPv4/IPv6 stress Packets character (IPv4/IPv6)HitachiNECFujistu raetam fair(a) latency (us) at test packets size 512 bytes with diametric portion of IPv4 and IPv6 traffic ordinary response time (us) at mental test Packets Size 512 bytes with various share of IPv4 and IPv6 merchandise100908070605040302010050/50 40/60 30/70 20/80 10/90IPv4/IPv6 shield Packets dowry (IPv4/IPv6)HitachiNECFujistu Juniper number latency (us) at test packets size 1518 bytes with different percentage of IPv4 and IPv6 traffic second-rate reaction time (us) at run Packets Size 1518 bytes with divers(prenominal) persona of IPv4 and IPv6 barter100908070605040302010050/50 40/60 30/70 20/80 10/90IPv4/IPv6 render Packets office (IPv4/IPv6)HitachiNECFujistu JuniperIPv6 over IPv4 piece Tunneling carrying into ac tion of OC-48 POS Port rill Description Tunneling technology is an potent marrow to connect separate IPv6 networks via IPv4 backbone. This item is to verify the performance of SUT when SUT encapsulates IPv6 data packets into IPv4 freight rate and forrard the packets.Test Method The tester sends IPv6 data packets to SUT, and configures an IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel between SUT and the tester. therefore after SUT receives everlasting(a) IPv6 packets from the tester, it will encapsulate it into IPv4 packet payload, and send IPv6 packets to destination over IPv4 network. The tester analyzes the packets forwared by the SUT at receiving end, calculates the throughput of SUT for different sizes of packets under the IPv6 over IPv4 configured tunnel. Test ResultsIPv6 packet size 512 termination address of move IPv6 data packets 3FFE0042/64Bandwidth range of move IPv6 tra